Prof. Yurii Vlasov and Christopher Kenji Brenden from the University of Illinois have designed an electrochemical biosensor capable of detecting small concentrations of neurochemicals in vivo with high spatiotemporal resolution.

The probe design include a thin-layer design with microfluidic channels to decrease probe size and improve the voltage-current response from electroactive biomolecules. Electrodes are placed within the microfluidic channels of the cell to prevent degradation of electrode surfaces by immune responses and attack by biological agents.

Valve-free flow switching allows for in situ regeneration and calibration of the probe electrodes without removing the probe from the target biological tissue. This allows for longer measurements periods without experience large drift in electrochemical signals.